社会互动视角下的服务型企业最优运营策略研究

本文主要研究在社会互动的影响下,服务型企业如何制定以价格、服务速率为代表的运营管理策略,从而实现利润最大化。首先,基于M/M/1排队模型对顾客购买决策过程进行建模分析,考虑单个服务型企业在实现利润最大化的目标条件下,社会互动的作用如何影响定价和服务速率决策;其次,研究在竞争市场环境中,社会互动如何影响市场均衡状态下各企业的运营决策和市场份额。结果表明,无论在垄断还是竞争的市场环境中,社会互动对服务型企业的最优运营决策均有不同程度与方向的影响。     

基于供应链视角的环境保护税社会分配效应研究

2018年实施的《环境保护税法》确立了排污征税的法律依据。环境保护税会增加成本并沿着供应链向下游逐级转移,从而改变社会分配格局。对此,基于供应链视角研究环境保护税的社会分配效应:首先,分析环境保护税沿着供应链的逐级转移,发现环境保护税会同时减少企业利润和消费者剩余;其次,比较企业利润和消费者剩余的减少程度,发现环境保护税会提高消费者的社会分配地位,也会提高零售企业的社会分配地位,但是会降低制造企业的社会分配地位;最后,比较环境保护税减少的企业利润和消费者剩余与形成的税收收入之间的相对大小,发现环境保护税会导致净社会福利损失,而且税负分担非常不均衡,制造企业承担最多,零售企业次之,消费者最少。     

中国轻工业全要素生产率的空间溢出效应研究——基于空间计量与社会网络分析

基于Malmquist指数方法测算的中国轻工业全要素生产率的省域数据,运用空间计量方法和社会网络分析方法探讨轻工业全要素生产率的空间关联特征和空间溢出效应,从整体和区域的视角审视轻工业在区域间的协调发展。研究发现,区域轻工业全要素生产率的增长具有空间关联性,各地区轻工业联系紧密,其网络结构的整体性强,通透性高,稳定性好,且具有非对称可达性;轻工业的空间关联网络可划分为四个功能板块——主溢出板块、净溢出板块、经纪人板块和主受益板块,各个板块呈现明显的“阶梯型”溢出特征。     

Noncooperative farsighted stable set in an <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-player prisoners’ dilemma

We examine an n-player prisoners’ dilemma game in which only individual deviations are allowed, while coalitional deviations (even non-binding ones) are not, and every player is assumed to be sufficiently farsighted to understand not only the direct outcome of his own deviation but also the ultimate outcome resulting from a chain of subsequent deviations by other players. We show that there exists a unique, noncooperative farsighted stable set (NFSS) and that it supports at least one (partially and/or fully) cooperative outcome, which is individually rational and Pareto-efficient. We provide a sufficient condition for full cooperation. Further, we discuss the relationship between NFSS and other “stable set” concepts such as the (myopic) von Neumann–Morgenstern stable set, Harsanyi (1974)’s strictly stable set, Chwe (1994)’s largest consistent set, and the cooperative farsighted stable set examined by Suzuki and Muto (2005). The author is very grateful to Professor Eiichi Miyagawa, the editor and the associate editor of this journal for their insightful comments and suggestions. He also acknowledges the financial support of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), No. 18530175].     

Representing Utility Functions via Weighted Goals

We analyze the expressivity, succinctness, and complexity of a family of languages based on weighted propositional formulas for the representation of utility functions. The central idea underlying this form of preference modeling is to associate numerical weights with goals specified in terms of propositional formulas, and to compute the utility value of an alternative as the sum of the weights of the goals it satisfies. We define a large number of representation languages based on this idea, each characterized by a set of restrictions on the syntax of formulas and the range of weights. Our aims are threefold. First, for each language we try to identify the class of utility functions it can express. Second, when different languages can express the same class of utility functions, one may allow for a more succinct representation than another. Therefore, we analyze the relative succinctness of languages. Third, for each language we study the computational complexity of the problem of finding the most preferred alternative given a utility function expressed in that language (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

关系型虚拟社区的社会网络特征研究

利用社会化网络软件建立的社会化网络网站,进一步扩充了虚拟社区中的人际关系的形式和内容.从人际关系的角度,我们把虚拟社区分为基于虚拟关系和基于现实关系两种类型.本文利用社会化网络分析方法,对这两种类型的虚拟社区进行量化分析,从网络密度、中心性等角度探讨了其网络结构的差异性.     

聚变发电还有多远?

聚变能源是人类的终极梦想之一.在近60年的时间里,聚变能源研究取得了大量重要进展,但也还有很多问题没有解决.本文将综合介绍聚变的概念,主要聚变方案,研究简史,主要困难,最近的研究进展,发展前景,以及聚变能源实现后将给社会带来的深刻影响.     

基于社交网络的观点传播动力学研究

社交网络和微博是重要的Web2.0应用模式, 其观点传播模式与其他网络媒体以及传统媒体相比有很大差异. 本文提出一种基于在线社交网络的观点传播模型, 研究社交网络中舆论观点扩散的形式与特征. 仿真结果表明: 模型中信息传播的速度与六度分割理论的结论十分符合; 一个带强烈倾向性的观点在固有观点均匀分布的网络中传播的情况下, 稳定时网络中不会出现相反的观点; 稳定时的观点分布与源节点的度和回溯深度有关, 并不受信任界限的限制, 这与Deffuant模型和Hegselmann-Krause模型不同. 同时, 本文还分析了传播意愿、观点变更率和信任界限对弛豫时间的影响.     

Complex spatial organization in a simple model of resource allocation

A dynamical model for the distribution of resources among competing agents is studied. The model is exactly solvable in the case of global competition, which leads to the accumulation of all the resources by the agent with the highest performance. On the other hand, local competition allows for a wider resource distribution, with a much weaker correlation with individual performances. Multiplicative processes give rise to almost-ordered spatial structures, through the enhancement of random fluctuations. Received 17 August 2000 and Received in final form 1st November 2000     

Anomalous scaling of stock price dynamics within ARCH-models

We show that autoregressive-conditional-heteroskedasticity (ARCH) models can encompass the observed anomalous scaling properties of stock price dynamics remarkably well. We find that with a suitable choice of parameters, simple ARCH models can reproduce the non-standard scaling behavior of the central part of the probability distribution functions of stock prices at different time horizons, as empirically found for the Standard & Poors 500 (S&P 500) index data, but fail to reproduce the shape of the S&P 500 distribution, in particular at the smallest time horizon (1 min). A linear version of ARCH processes, denoted here as LARCH models, still preserving the anomalies observed, permits to fit the 1 min S&P 500 distribution more accurately. Received 12 October 2000 and Received in final form 5 February 2001